维系正派社会和帮助人们认同正派社会的,是那些人们普遍觉得有价值、有意义、值得他们自觉自愿去做的事情。这种认同除了对现有社会秩序和政治权威合法性的确认之外,还涉及一般意义上的群体道德风气、人际关系、文化倾向、时尚流行等等。个体成员对群体的接受和参与程度往往受到这些因素的制约。这些因素同样以其价值取向发挥着公共生活的纽带作用,对认同意愿有相当大的影响。它们包括群体的记忆(尤其是什么是值得保存的往事记录),使用的物品(尤其是能体现我们自身价值的物品),收藏的物件(不只是商品价值,而且是审美、感情、历史价值),维持的传统和风俗(裹小脚,收童养媳不在此例),对他人需要和利益的肯定、关系,人际间的承诺和信任,等等。
公民社会中的公民不是一个形式的或抽象的概念。公民这个概念总是包含着与不断变化的社会、政治内容有关的具体含义,包含着一系列与公共生活息息相关的政治、社会、经济和文化问题。无论是从政治还是从道德上说,提倡公民群体认同与增进社会、政治群体素质,都是向一致的。公民意识包括着对现代国家社会中的人际关系的基本价值和行为规范的总体认识。公民必须在社会中通过成功或失败的公众事务参与来获得这种认识。公民对民族国家的认同不仅是国籍或实在群体的认同,而且更是一种道德价值的认同。现有的对国家的认同不一定都体现为公民意识,所以也不都有利于现代中国群体价值观念的建设。公民认同的不是哪一个民族国家,而是一种民族国家。在全球重要性日益增强的情况下,民族国家仍然重要,因为它是人们日常生活的基本处境。这是我们关心全球化进程中民族国家群体认同问题的意义所在。
注释:
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